Persuading kids to become good eaters

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Persuading kids to become good eaters

Ever tell your kids that spinach will give them big muscles, and carrots, laser vision?

Or resorted to the “you’re-not-going-to-grow” line when they won’t eat their greens?

We barter, beg, frighten and preach to get our children to eat right. But instead of trying to convince kids that healthy food is good for them, wouldn’t it be easier and less stressful to simply convince them that it’s good?

“What speaks to kids? That vegetables prevent heart disease or that jicama is crunchy, sweet and refreshing?” asks Sanna Delmonico during a presentation at last month’s Healthy Flavors, Healthy Kids conference held at the Culinary Institute of America San Antonio campus.

Delmonico, a nutrition instructor at the CIA in Napa Valley, Calif., said using positive messages when talking to kids about food and nutrition may be too abstract for them.

“Nutrition can be interesting stuff, but what’s more concrete and compelling is the food itself — the food is delicious, and it’s colorful, and it’s tactile and involves every sense,” Delmonico says during a subsequent telephone interview.

So instead of telling kids that Brussels sprouts have lots of vitamin C and K and fiber, and that they can’t have a cookie unless they eat them, frame a food as something they wouldn’t want to miss.

Delmonico suggests using phrases such as:

“Doesn’t it look good?”

“Have you tried it?”

“Look at how colorful and delicious it is.”

In short, encourage your kids to enjoy healthy foods for the flavors and pleasures they bring.

It’s the repeated, positive food experiences that will get kids to become so-called “good eaters,” Delmonico says. “You change behavior through the enjoyment of foods.”

To enhance the experience, get children involved in all aspects of food prep, including shopping, gardening and cooking. “They can peel garlic, rip lettuce or set the table. The more they’re involved, the more they’re likely to try things,” she says.

To keep the peace, serve at least one food everyone likes and, when introducing a new food, serve it with something kids already know and enjoy. “If they’re familiar with carrots, maybe serve carrots with a food they’re not sure about, like parsnips,” says Delmonico.

“Sometimes they learn to like things slowly, but that’s OK,” she says.

Meanwhile, relax if they skip on the unfamiliar vegetable and keep the focus on family and conversation. “The point of the family meal is to reconnect with the most important people in your life. It should be an enjoyable time, not a time to struggle over Brussels sprouts,” says Delmonico.

Think about the long-term goal, she says. “Is the goal to get them to eat five bites of Brussels sprouts on this day and at this particular meal or to be a healthful eater in their lifetime?”

What won’t help is being a short-order cook when they don’t like your dinner menu. Not only is it too much work for adults, but when there’s always mac and cheese, why would they try anything else?

“It doesn’t help kids expand and push themselves,” Delmonico says. “If they can fall back on the familiar, there’s no incentive.”

Claudia Zapata is a registered dietitian. Her column appears every other Sunday in Taste. Email Claudia at [email protected], follow her on Twitter at @ClaudiaZapata and on Facebook at Claudia Zapata, MS, RD.

 


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Your kids not eating their veggies? Well, thank goodness for ketchup

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Your kids not eating their veggies? Well, thank goodness for ketchup

My parents are preparing a traditional Thanksgiving dinner for the extended family this year. They’re excited to have all their grand kids at the table, but also a bit nervous as they’re venturing far outside their Chinese food comfort zone. I’ve warned them, though, not to feel hurt if my 6-year-old daughter eats nothing but mashed potatoes.

That’s right, despite our vibrant heritage of Chinese-American gluttony dating back to the Ching dynasty, my family has been cursed with a picky eater.

There is no universally accepted definition of what makes a fussy eater, but most parents say they know it when they see it. Nutritionists and psychologists define “food neophobia” as the fear of trying new foods. It’s thought to be an evolutionary vestige from our Neanderthal days, when eating something new, particularly a plant, carried a risk of poisoning. Food neophobes will often reject a new food based on sight or odor alone, refusing to even taste it.

Neophobia starts at age 2, when the child becomes more mobile and hence less supervised, and usually ends at around age 6. Picky eaters, on the other hand, may try new foods but will regularly eat only a narrow range of items. Picky eaters gravitate toward carbohydrates and away from vegetables and protein sources. There is a great deal of overlap between food neophobia and picky eating, and many kids have both.

Scientists aren’t even sure of what causes some kids to be picky

eaters. Twin studies suggest that about two-thirds of picky eating is genetically determined, rather than environmental. Part of this may be due to a known genetic variation in the ability to taste bitterness in vegetables; those with higher sensitivity may be more likely to avoid veggies. Picky eating may also be associated with higher rates of anxiety. Regardless of the underlying cause, meal times can often deteriorate into a battle for control, further exacerbating the pickiness.

My daughter Sarah’s all-time record was being forced to sit two hours at the dinner table with an unwanted pork chop in her mouth. I finally gave up when she started nodding off. If she was going to choke on something in her sleep, I wanted it to at least be a vegetable. Otherwise, what would the neighbors say?

There are studies examining ways to diversify the picky eater’s diet. The French, naturally, are on the cutting edge of gastronomical research. Half of the 9-year-old kids at a Dijon school were assigned to a weekly 90-minute program to train their tender young palates. The sessions included lectures, cooking workshops and a field trip to a restaurant (though contrary to stereotype, no wine tastings).

The children were surveyed before and after the program, and were presented with unusual items to taste, such as leek sprouts and dried anchovies. Kids enrolled in the program were slightly more likely to sample the offerings. Of course, this study isn’t much help to those of us in the States, where schools are dealing with budget crunches by dropping frivolous subjects, like long division. So what’s a beleaguered parent to do? Here are some tips:

Don’t reward your kids for eating healthy food. Multiple studies have found that if you reward a child for eating something, she will consume more in the short term, but she’ll end up disliking and eating less of it in the future–the thought being, “If Mom has to give me a prize to eat this green bean, it must taste terrible.” Even verbal praise for consuming a particular food reduces a child’s liking for it.

Present healthy food as a reward. Rewarding behavior with food increases the desirability of that food. Note that this trick works best with the very young. One researcher who tried the old “eat your dessert, then you may eat your vegetables” ruse was unable to fool a single 4-year old.

Expose your child to the food you want him to eat. Then do it again. And again. And again. In fact, studies show you must present new food to a child a minimum of 10 times for him to finally accept it. One randomized trial had parents in the experimental arm present an unpopular vegetable (most often a bell pepper) to their child every day for 14 days. The parents were to encourage their child to taste it, but not to offer any reward for eating it. At the end of the two weeks, kids in the exposure group increased their liking and consumption of the vegetable.

Set a good example for your kids, and eat your veggies. This won’t be a surprise to anyone, but several studies have found that vegetable consumption in kids closely mirrors that of their parents.

If all else fails, talk to your pediatrician–preferably someone as nonjudgmental as my kids’ doctor. I became really concerned when Sarah weighed one pound less at her 4-year-old visit than she did at her 3-year-old one. I bemoaned her tuber-based diet, and asked for suggestions on how I could get her to eat her veggies. Her pediatrician’s answer? “Does she eat ketchup with her french fries? Ketchup counts.”

Ketchup counts? I’ve got Thanksgiving covered.

Stephanie Chan is an internist at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. Her views do not necessarily reflect those of the hospital, and reading this column is a sorry excuse for not consulting with your pediatrician. Read more at www.evidencebasedmommy.com.

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